Now We Can Easily Find Out if Our Cat Has Wildcat Genes

We do not have precise population data on the European wildcat, which tends to be elusive, primarily nocturnal, and crepuscular. Estimating its numbers is complicated by the presence of hybrids, which have only been considered a distinct species for just over a decade. A genetic study conducted twenty years ago indicated that the Hungarian wildcat population had the highest proportion of hybrids among European populations, approximately 40%. However, more recent genetic analyses of samples collected from fur traps suggest that this proportion may be even higher.

The essence of fur trapping is that researchers place adhesive surfaces treated with valerian and catnip at several points around the study area. Ideally, a cat rubbing against these surfaces will leave behind a few hair samples suitable for testing. Genetic analysis can then determine whether the hairs were left by a purebred wildcat, a domestic cat, or a hybrid.

Wildcats most closely resemble tabby domestic cats, but careful observation reveals distinct differences and unique markings. Using camera traps, researchers can identify wildcats based on their appearance. The third, and perhaps most thorough, method is post-mortem examination of deceased specimens.

Although the offspring of a wildcat and a domestic cat can vary greatly in appearance, researchers still have limited information about the behaviour of hybrids. Therefore, researchers from the Department of Ethology at ELTE and HUN-REN BLRI are currently investigating the presence of wildcat genes in Hungary's domestic cat population. Their survey aims to provide insights into the behaviour and appearance of hybrid cats living among us.